Non-Tariff Measures and Competitiveness of Indonesia’s Natural Rubber Export in Destination Countries

Export Competitiveness of Developing Countries and U.S. Trade Policy

This paper examines the impact of the revocation of tariff exemptions on exports of developing countries using data from cases of the Competitive Needs Limits (CNL), a feature of the US Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). CNLs are arguably imposed on “super competitive” GSP beneficiaries and aim to reserve the GSP benefits for other “less competitive” GSP eligible countries. The empirical ...

Agri-Food Export Competitiveness in European Union Countries

This article investigates the competitiveness of agri-food exports of the European Union (EU27) countries on global markets, using the revealed comparative advantage (B) index over the 2000–2011 period. Panel unit root tests, mobility index and the Kaplan-Meier survival rates of the B index are used. The majority of agri-food products in the EU-27 countries show a comparative disadvantage on gl...

Do multinational retailers affect the export competitiveness of host countries ?

patterns and variations in native and non-native interlanguage pragmatic rating: effects of rater training, intercultural proficiency, and self-assessment

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

Destination Competitiveness: A Model and Determinants

The paper develops a model of destination competitiveness that will enable comparison between countries and between tourism sector industries. The model seeks to capture the main elements of competitiveness highlighted in the general literature, while appreciating the special issues involved in exploring the notion of destination competitiveness as emphasized by tourism researchers. Associated ...